Books about tourism -

THE LITERATURE

1. Zlatsen T.Karmannyj the manual of the tourist. - М.:-Профиздат, 1963.

2. The satellite of the tourist. Izd. 3. - M.: FiS, 1969.

3. The tourist (Library of the tourist). - M.: FiS, 1974.

4. Berman A.E.juvenile the tourist. - M.: FiS, 1977.

5. Bardin K.V.alphabet of tourism. - M.: Education, 1981.

Autoclaves

With dropping temperature of air, with rise on height and decrease of atmospheric pressure the boiling point of water decreases. Process of cooking thus is tightened(delayed), spent more than fuel, quality of peep worsens.

Hermetically closed casseroles-pressure cookers, that is autoclaves, help(assist) with these events to mountain tourists, to skiers, climbers to avoid all these nuisances.

Tourist kerosene stoves

At long travel to lack of forests normally take with itself kerosene stoves (type "Bumblebee" or "Tourist") with a stock of gasoline in canisters on 5 or 10 l. Petrol kerosene stoves have received the greatest diffusion among tourists and climbers. Kerosene stoves of type "Bumblebee" have vertical, and type "Tourist" - horizontal configuration.

Marching Ovens

Dryings of equipment and cooking are applied in winter hikes on forest regions to heating tents. At a burning oven in tent happens warmly even at the big frost. The design of marching furnaces depends on type and the size of tents. In small tents it is possible to use only pendant ovens for heating, in more spacious - floor-stand for heating and, probably, for cooking nutrition.

The industry practically does not let out(release) any portable(transportable) ovens for tourists. Therefore all the ovens applied by tourists in hikes, basically self-made.

Sleeping bags

Lungs, compact, comfortable bags well saving warmly are necessary for high-grade rest(tour). They should to be dried and be quickly convenient at transportation. The best thermal insulation is the down of a waterfowl(water fowl) and synthetic volumetric materials.

The down is soft, has good thermal insulation, but is hygroscopic and is easily rumpled, why thermal insulation worsens.

Tents

The general(common) demands to any tents is a small weight, a waterproof, good thermal insulation, a windproof, speed of the equipment(installation) and disassembly, comfort, durability, convenience of a transferring in a backpack, security from penetration of midges.

The industry does not satisfy various demand of tourists and climbers for tents, therefore the majority of designs - self-made.

For manufacturing tent first of all it is necessary to make the technical project, to define(determine) the purpose of its(her) future utilization. Designs of tents are various - from the idle time, facilitated, for easy travel, up to complex(difficult) framed.

Campfire facilities

Campfire facilities(economy) are fittings for suspension or the equipments(installations) of buckets of boilers, casseroles, more oppositely; it also cooking utensils, marching axes, saws, etc.

Most - rogatinu 70-80 sm - drive in the simple fitting in height into land on distance about 1 m from the center of a fire. On rogatinu put a pole which one extremity(end) press down a stone or drive in into land, and on another hang up a bucket or a casserole so that the flame of a fire covered a bottom(fundus) of utensils and its(her) side walls. On such fitting it is possible to hang no more than two capacities for cooking.

Protection against midges and insects. Safety. Putting off(taking out) of camp

The midges and insects - mosquitoes, flies, midges, slepni, botflies, wood lice, a tong, mosquitoes - can deliver a lot of trouble in a hike. Heкоторые from them are, besides, and carriers of causative bacteria.

What insects and when are most active?

Slepni are most active at solar weather, midges - all about light day, mokretsy and mosquitoes - all day and night. Protect from them clothes, various insectifuges, for example preparations "Taiga", "Tabu", “ On a halt ”, cologne "Clove" and others, let out(released) by the industry can.

Fires(Shives)

If have declared(announced) competition on the best tourist emblem, such emblem certainly could become a fire. More than that or - a fire!

In one solid edition where are collected all slivki tourist wisdom, it is told categorically and laconically: “ the Fire - the fitting for warming tourists, preparations of meal and drying of the got wet clothes ”, Even the convinced pragmatist, prochtja this definition, cannot feel interest to tourism. To be warmed, cook food and to dry clothes it is possible also at home.
The fire is more, than fire.

Lodging for the night without tent

The years(summer) improvised shelters for a halt or a lodging for the night can be built from improvised materials. The improvised tent can be made of a polyethylene film thrown through a cord, 1-1,5 m tense at height between trees, with, that the roof was formed dvuskatnaja. From end faces of edge of Membranula(film) turn vnahlest and strengthen. In the form of an awning, odnoskatnogo or dvuskatnogo (depending on the sizes of a material, height of a suspension bracket, quantity(amount) of people) it is possible to make shelter also of a polyethylene film, kalandrirovannogo Capronum, a thin canvas and other materials (fig. 5). By means of an awning it is possible to protect a fire from a rain and a wind also.

The installation and the equipment of tents

The platform for the equipment(installation) of tent should be horizontal. As a last resort heads laying should be above legs(foots). In mountains a platform it is possible to level, stacking flat stones.

The chosen place clear of stones, branches, trample down a snow in the winter or clear of it(him), depending on its(his) depth and density. At a wind tent put so that the wind blew in a back wall. The input(entrance) is desirable for focusing on the open place - a forest edge, the river, lake - it is better on the east or on the south.

The organization of tourist parking

Travellers spend on halts about two thirds of marching time, that is the most part of a route is necessary on parking.

The tourist camp is a place of a halt where travellers have a rest, eat, spend the night, prepare for the further way; it is base camp at the radial organization of a route; this shelter from a bad weather, is a fire, the center, the center of dialogue, comprehension passed(taken place) and planning of a forthcoming way. The camp is a house in which we live during a hike.

On duration part small halts (for rest(tour), changings clothes, reconditioning), lunch halts, lodgings for the night, dnevki.

TWO WORDS TO THE READER

Knowledge of native land, all distant and greater(big) travel begin at a threshold of the native house, in vicinities(environs) of the city, settlement, village - with small hikes of the day off. In them formation of the tourist-person, the versatile and harmoniously developed, present(true) citizen and the patriot of the native land begins. Inherent to tourism appreciable, but exercise stresses in regular intervals distributed(allocated) in time promote strengthening of health of the tourist, and the life on the nature allows to get useful skills and skills - quickly to make fire, to cook food, correctly to be guided, move on a dense forest, impassability, to float by a boat or to a raft on porozhistym to the rivers, to spend the night in the winter in a forest, successfully to resist to a bad weather. In a tourist hike the conscious discipline and persistence, skill to overcome difficulty in collective work - the qualities so necessary for everyone in a public life is developed(produced). Tourism, hikes as anything else, satisfy aspiration to novelty, singularity, to searches, romanticism, self-knowledge and self-improvement of the person.

Crimean Legend - The Grave of Mamay

In the Crimea, in an extreme antiquity there lived a man who wanted at any price to dominate over the whole world.

He made his home out of the town Kafa. The live of an ordinary man did'n suit him and he nursed a thought to seize Kafa. To achieve his aim Mamay began to select people thirsting for glory and easy money. When there were a great number of adherents Mamay ordered them to conceal in the town being ready for seizing and wait for his signal.

Crimean Legend - Maiden

On a high rocky mountainside in Sudak one can see the remains of the fortress. Up to now, walls and defence towers, temples and castles, where Genoese consuls of medieval Sugdeya lived, were preserved. On the very top of the mountain there is a lonely tower. The steep path with tracks of steps, broken up in the rock, leads to the tower. They say, that in ancient times, this tower already existed, and a daughter of an archont lived in it. She was the most beautiful girl in Tavrida. They say, Diophant, the best general of Mitridat, the Pontian tzar, was vainly striving for her hand.

Crimean Legend - Rocks the Wonder

Once upon a time when the South coast was covered by thick forest but the villages were already joined by narrow paths there.

Among lonely rocks of Simeiz lived a solitary hermit. This man did much harm to other people in his time. For many years he burned towns and villages, killed helpless old men, women and children. Especially there were a lot of girls he raped and saled in slavery.

Crimean Legend - Hikiya - the heroine of Hersonnes

There was the time when the chief arkhont Lamah ruled the prosperous Hersonnes. Hikiya was the only daughter of Lamah.

At the same time the neighbouring country Bospor was ruled by king Asandr who could do nothing but to think of the wealth of Hersonnes. He had failed to seize Hersonnes by force and now resorted to cunning. He offered his son to marry Hikiya in hope that after Lamah's death the power over Hersonnes would be given to next-of-kin Hikiya and after her to his son.

Crimean Legend - Healing lakes

Hey, you, strong horses, Cossack horses! Rush along quicker than acute Tatar arrows, pass the wind! Carry on wounded slaves to cherry gardens, to native dawns and waters of Dnepr...

Brave Zaporozhian Cossacks rushed along Crimean steppe, burn't by the broiling sun. And anxious thoughts were flying back. There, near foul Gezliov fire was still hooting, died sworn brothers had not got cold yet. A lot of them had lied down that day in the city of grief, the city of slavery.

Crimean Legend - Pont Aksinsky and Pont Euksinsky

It was many years ago. Proud and peaceable tribe of the mountain dwellers inhabited Tavrida. They never attacked anybody and nobody attacked them. Those mountain dwellers comprehended how to grow fragrant sweet grapes, fruit trees and roses on the mountain slopes.

There was a lot of game in the mountain forests. But the mountain dwellers did not trespass their weapons and used their bows only when they needed food. The mountain village enriched with every year...

Crimean Legend - The golden shore

People lived near the shores of worried sea-giant, near mountains, covered with green foam of herbes. That southern land was famous for it's amazing nature, innumerable wealth, but people lived there in poverty and were deeply unhappy. They were tormented under the oppression of Turkish conquerors for a long time. The ruller of Yalta, Akhmed-Aga made the dependent suffer a lot. He wanted to be the richest of the rich, stronger of the strongest. The groan of the sufferers made the sea grow dark and the mountains shivered in rage...